Apiculture Factsheet #204
Antibiotics for Bee Disease Control
Read the label of any product before use, and follow the
directions and measurements closely.
Oxytetracycline
The development of antibiotic-resistant American Foulbrood
(r-AFB) demands that the drug should only be applied when brood disease has been confirmed
or detected nearby. It is
no longer recommended for disease prevention.
Dependency on antibiotics can be sharply reduced through hygienic
management practices, abundance of pollen and reduction of stress (refer to Factsheet #200). Do not use antibiotic extender patties.
- Oxytetracycline is effective against American Foulbrood and
European Foulbrood disease.
- Available in several concentrations and sold under the trade name Oxytet.
- Animal formula is water soluble, with antibiotic concentration
of 55 milligrams (mg) in 1 gram of product. This is the same as
25 grams antibiotic per pound of product.
- Dosage: 5 millilitres (= 1 teaspoon) per treatment per
colony. Do not feed more or less than recommended.
- Timing: When disease has been detected and antibiotic treatment is needed, feed every two weeks between late winter and
middle of spring. Stop feeding at least six to eight weeks before
honey removal and extraction.
- Application method: The antibiotic is added to prepared
sugar syrup. For every colony, use 5 ml of product in 4.5
litres of syrup. Prepare syrup when hot and let cool. Shortly before use,
add antibiotic.
Keep medicated syrup away from sunlight.
Fumagillin
- Product is effective against Nosema disease (Nosema apis
and Nosema ceranae) only.
- Trade name: Fumagilin-B (active ingredient, fumagillin).
- Dosage: 5 millilitres (= 1 teaspoon) per treatment per colony.
- Timing: One treatment in fall and one treatment in
spring only when Nosema disease has been diagnosed. Do not apply fumagillin for disease prevention because of increased risk of developing resistance.
- Application Method: Applied in syrup only, 5 ml dissolved in 4.5
litrers of syrup per colony. Fumagillin does not dissolve readily in
water. To prepare, gradually add small amounts of warm water (not HOT) to
the fumagillin, while stirring, in order to prevent clumping. Shortly before use,
add antibiotic solution to syrup. Keep medicated syrup away from
sunlight.
NOTE: Check expiry date on package, and store in
refrigerator. Fumagillin and oxytetracycline can be mixed and applied
together.
Tylosin and Lyncomycin
The development of resistant AFB in western Canada since the late
1990s has caused some beekeepers to look for alternative
antibiotics, including Tylosin and Lyncomycin. Both products are
veterinary drugs registered in Canada for various animal production
systems but NOT for beekeeping. In Alberta, Tylosin is available to beekeepers only by veterinary prescription.
05/12
