SECTION A - FEEDS

FEED COMPOSITION

The Growth of Forages
Carbohydrates
Fats and Oils
Lignin
Proteins
Minerals
Vitamins

FEED ANALYSIS

Dry Matter
Fibre
Total Digestible Nutrients
Protein
Minerals
Silage pH
Bushel Weight

NEAR INFRARED REFLECTANCE (NIR) SPECTROSCOPY

FACTORS AFFECTING FEED QUALITY

SECTION B -- THE DIGESTION OF FEED

MONOGASTRIC DIGESTION

THE SHEEP'S DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

Development of the Ruminant Stomach
The Esophageal Groove
Effect of Feeding Management

CARBOHYDRATE DIGESTION

Monogastric Carbohydrate Digestion
Ruminant Carbohydrate Digestion
Volatile Fatty Acids
Cellulose Digestion
Other Carbohydrates

PROTEIN DIGESTION

Amino Acids
Monogastric Protein Digestion
Protein Quality
Ruminant Protein Digestion
Urea in Sheep Rations
Bypass Protein
Heat Damaged Protein

SECTION C -- NUTRIENT REQUIREMENTS

ESSENTIAL NUTRIENTS

Water
Energy
Effect of Environment on Energy Requirements
Effect of Physical Activity on Energy Requirements
Energy Sources
Protein
Protein Sources
Minerals
Mineral Sources
Vitamins
Vitamin Sources
Balanced Rations
Priority for Nutrients

NUTRIENT REQUIREMENTS OF EWES

Liveweight and Condition Score Targets
Feed Intake
Maintenance
Flushing
Early Pregnancy
Mid-Pregnancy
Late Pregnancy
Lactation
Non-Nutritional Factors Affecting Milk Production
Milking Sheep
Separate Feeding of Ewes with Multiple Lambs
Special Requirements of Ewe Lambs
Targets for Ewe Lambs

NUTRIENT REQUIREMENTS OF LAMBS

How Lambs Grow
Feed Intake
Maintenance and Gain
Breed Variation
Effect of Sex
Ratio of Fat to Lean
Stages of Lamb Growth Pre-Weaning
Post Weaning
Finishing
Growing Replacement Ewe Lambs

NUTRIENT REQUIREMENTS OF RAMS

SECTION D - FEED TESTING AND RATION FORMULATION

FEED SAMPLING

Sampling Hay
Sampling Silage
Sampling Grain and Mixed Feeds
Interpretation of Analysis Report

RATION FORMULATION

Example 1 - Pearson Square
Example
Computerized Ration Formulation
Ration Recipes

SECTION E - FEEDING MANAGEMENT

CONDITION SCORING EWES

The Uses of Condition Scoring

ALLOCATING FEED RESOURCES

Feed Wasting
Ration Changes

MINERAL FEEDING

ADMINISTERING VITAMINS

GRAZING MANAGEMENT

STARTING NEWBORN LAMBS

ORPHAN LAMBS

CREEP FEEDING

Design of the Creep Area
Lamb Psychology
Creep Ration
Expected Results

CREEP FEEDING ON PASTURE

Forward Creep Grazing

WEANING

When to Wean
Weaning in Confinement
Weaning on Pasture

FEEDING WEANED LAMBS

Cost Efficient Gains
Feedlot Lambs
Feed Intake
Processing Forages for Lambs
Whole Grains in Lamb Rations
Feeding Behaviour
Slotted Floors
Pasture Lambs
Annual Pastures
Shearing Lambs
Castrating Ram Lambs

FEED ADDITIVE AND GROWTH PROMOTERS

Antibiotics
Coccidiostats

MARKET LAMB APPRAISAL

APPENDIX I AVERAGE ANALYSES OF B.C. FEEDS

APPENDIX II NUTRIENT REQUIREMENT TABLES

APPENDIX III EXAMPLE RATIONS FOR SHEEP

INDEX